Motivos de uso de las redes sociales virtuales: Análisis de perfiles de mujeres rurales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7203/relieve.21.1.5153Palabras clave:
Redes sociales, mujer rural, inclusión digital, estudios de las mujeres, capital social, motivos de uso, alfabetización digital, aprendizaje permanenteResumen
En el presente trabajo, se muestran los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo es conocer los motivos de uso de las redes sociales virtuales de las mujeres rurales y determinar perfiles en función de sus respuestas. Para ello, se realiza un estudio de encuesta, cuyo cuestionario se aplica a 478 mujeres de entornos rurales de Andalucía de 18 a 65 años. Los resultados muestran dos perfiles de mujeres en función de sus motivaciones de uso de las redes, encontrando que las que usan las redes con una mayor variedad de motivos, muestran mayores niveles en intensidad, habilidad y autonomía de uso, mientras que las que la usan exclusivamente por motivos relacionales presentan niveles inferiores en estas variables. Esto sugiere que los motivos de uso es una variable explicativa de la inclusión digital de las mujeres rurales en las redes sociales. Los resultados permiten repensar las propuestas educativas de alfabetización digitalCitas
Area, M. & Pessoa, T. (2012). De lo sólido a lo líquido: Las nuevas alfabetizaciones ante los cambios culturales de la Web 2.0. Comunicar, XIX, 38, 13-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C38-2011-02-01
Arteaga, R., Cortijo, V. & Javed, U. (2014). Students' perceptions of Facebook for academic purposes. Computers & Education, 70, 138–149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.08.012
Attwell, G. (2007). Personal Learning Environments. The future of e-learning? eLearning Papers, 2(1) Recuperado de http://www.elearningeuropa.info/files/media/media11561.pdf
Brandtzæga P.B., Heim, J. & Karahasanovic, A. (2011). Understanding the new digital divide. A typology of Internet users in Europe. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 69(3), 123-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2010.11.004
Braun, M. T. (2013). Obstacles to social networking website use among older adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 673–680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.004
Carpenter, J. M., Green, M. C. & LaFlam, J. (2011). People or profiles: Individual differences in online social networking use. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(5), 538-541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.11.006
Casta-o, C. (2009). La segunda brecha digital y las mujeres jóvenes. Quaderns de la Mediterrània, 11, 218-224. Recuperado de http://www.iemed.org/publicacions/quaderns/11/41_la_segunda_brecha_digital.pdf
Chen, L.Y, Hsiao, B., Chern, C.C. & Chen, H.G. (2014). Affective mechanisms linking Internet use to learning performance in high school students: A moderated mediation study. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 431–443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.025
Cheung, C. M. K., Chiu, P.Y. & Lee, M. K. O. (2011). Online social networks: Why do students use facebook? Computers in Human Behavior, 27(4), 1337-1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.028
Clipson, T., Wilson, S. A. & DuFrene, D. D. (2010). The social networking arena: battle of the sexes. Business Communication Quarterly, 75 (1), 1-5.
Coiro, J., Knobel, M., Lankshear, C., & Leu, D. J. (Eds). (2008). Handbook of research in new literacies. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Correa, T. (2010). The Participation Divide Among ''Online Experts'': Experience, Skills and Psychological Factors as Predictors of College Students' Web Content Creation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 16, 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2010.01532.x
Dabbagh, N., & Kitsantas, A. (2012). Personal Learning Environments, social media, and self-regulated learning: A natural formula for connecting formal and informal learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(1), 3-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.06.002
Dias, I. (2012). O uso das tecnologías digitais entre os seniores. Motivações e intereses. Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas, 68, 51-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7458/SPP201268693
DiMaggio, P., Hargittai, E., Celeste, C., & Shafer, S. (2004). Digital Inequality: From Unequal Access to Differentiated Use. In K. Neckerman (Ed.), Social Inequality (355-400). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Dogruer, N., Menevis, I. & Eyyam, R. (2011). What is the motivation for using Facebook?. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 2642–2646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.162
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C. & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook ''friends:" Social capital and college students' use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143–1168.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x
Falk, I. & Kilpatrick, S. (2000). What is social capital? A study of interaction in a rural community. Sociologia Ruralis, 40 (1), 87-110.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9523.00133
Freese, J., Rivas, S. & Hargittai, E. (2006). Cognitive ability and Internet use among older adults. Poetics, 34, 236-249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2006.05.008
García, A., López-de-Ayala, M.C. & Catalina, B. (2013). Hábitos de uso en Internet y en las redes sociales de los adolescentes españoles. Comunicar, XXI (41), 195-204.
Gómez, M., Roses, S. & Farias, P. (2012). El uso académico de las redes sociales en universitarios. Comunicar, XIX(38), 131-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C38-2011-03-04
Godfrey, M. & Johnson, O. (2009). Digital circles of support: Meeting the information needs of older people. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 633–642.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.08.016
Greenhow, C. & Burton, L. (2011). Help from my "Friends:" Social capital in the social network sites of low-income high school students. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 45(2), 223-245.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/EC.45.2.f
Greenhow, C. & Robelia, E. (2009). Informal learning and identity formation in online social networks. Learning, Media and Technology, 34(2), 119-140.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439880902923580
Hargittai, E. & Hinnant, A. (2008). Digital Inequality: Differences in Young Adults' Use of the Internet. Communication Research, 35(5), 602-621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650208321782
Hargittai, E. & Hsieh, Y.P. (2010).Predictors and consequences of differentiated practices on social network sites.Information, Communication & Society, 13(4), 515-536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691181003639866
Hargittai, E. & Walejko, G. (2008). The participation divide: Content creation and sharing in the digital age. Information, Communication & Society, 11 (2), 239-256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691180801946150
Hargittai, E. (2002). Second-level digital divide: differences in people's online skills. First Monday, 7 (4), 1-15 http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v7i4.942
Hargittai, E. (2008). Whose Space? Differences Among Users and Non-Users of Social Network Sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13, 276–297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00396.x
Hargittai, E. (2010). Digital Natives? Variation in Internet Skills and Uses among Members of the ''Net Generation''. Sociological Inquiry, 80 (1), 92–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2009.00317.x
Hew, K.F. & Cheung, W.S. (2012). Students' use of asynchronous voice discussion in a blended-learning environment: A study of two undergraduate classes. The Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 10(4) 360-367.
Hsieh, Y.P. (2012). Online social networking skills: The social affordances approach to digital inequality. First Monday, 17 (4), 1-12.http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v17i4.3893
Imhof, M., Vollmeyer, R. & Beierlein, C. (2007). Computer use and the gender gap: The issue of access, use, motivation, and performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(6), 2823-2837.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2006.05.007
Jackson, L. A., Ervin, K. S., Gardner, P. D., & Schmitt, N. (2001). Gender and the Internet: Women communicating and men searching. Sex Roles, 44(5/6), 363-379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010937901821
Joinson, N. A. (2008). Looking at', 'Looking up' or 'Keeping up with' People? Motives and uses of Facebook. CHI 2008 Proceedings: 1027-1036.
Kwon, M.W. D'Angelo & McLeod, J. D.M. (2013). Facebook use and social capital: To bond, to bridge, or to escape. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 33(5-6). http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0270467613496767
LaRose, R., Greggb, J.L., Stroverc, S., Straubhaarc, J. & Carpenterd, S. (2007) Closing the rural broadband gap: Promoting adoption of the Internet in rural America. Telecommunications Policy, 31, 359–373. DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.-2007.04.004
Ley 45/2007, de 13 de diciembre, para el desarrollo sostenible del medio rural. Boletín Oficial del Estado, 299, de 15 de diciembre de 2007.
Lin, C., Tang, W. & Kuo, F. (2012). Mommy Wants to Learn the Computer: How Middle-Aged and Elderly Women in Taiwan Learn ICT Through Social Support. Adult Education Quarterly, 62 (1), 73-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741713610392760
Lin, K.Y. & Lu, H.P. (2011). Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(3), 1152-1161.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.12.009
Livingstone, S. & Helsper, E. (2007). Gradations in digital inclusion: children, young people and the digital divide. New Media & Society, 9(4), 671- 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444807080335
Livingstone, S. & Helsper, E. (2010).Balancing opportunities and risks in teenagers' use of the internet: the role of online skills and internet self-efficacy. .New media & society, 12 (2), 309-329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342697
Livingstone, S., Van Couvering, E. & Thumim, N. (2008). Converging traditions of research on media and information literacies: disciplinary, critical, and methodological issues. En J. Coiro, M., Knobel, C. Lankshear & D. J. Leu, (Eds.) Handbook of research on new literacies. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Martinez-Pecino, R., Delerue, A. & Silva, P. (2013.). Portuguese older people and the Internet: Interaction, uses, motivations, and obstacles. Communications - The European Journal of Communication Research, 38(4), 331-346. DOI: 10.1515/commun-2013-0020
Mazman S.G. & Usluel, Y. K. (2011). Gender differences in using social networks. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 10 (2), 133-139. Recuperado de http://goo.gl/8o42eT
Meyers, E.M., Erickson, I. & Small, R.V. (2013). Digital literacy and informal learning environments: an introduction, Learning, Media and Technology, 38(4), 355-367, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2013.783597
Nadkarni, A. & Hofmann, S. (2011). Why do people use Facebook? Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 243–249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.007
Notley, T. (2009). Young People, Online Networks, and Social Inclusion. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 1208–1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01487.x
Notley, T.M. & Foth, M. (2008). Extending Australia's digital divide policy: an examination of the value of social inclusion and social capital policy frameworks. Australian Social Policy, 7, 1-24.
Novo-Corti, I., Varela-Candamio, L. & García-Álvarez, T. (2014). Breaking the walls of social exclusion of women rural by means of ICTs: The case of "digital divides" in Galician. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.017
Papacharissi, Z. & Mendelson, A. (2011). Toward a new(er) sociability: uses, gratifications and social capital on Facebook. En S. Papathanassopoulos (Ed.), Media Perspectives for the 21st Century. New York: Routledge (pp. 212-230).
Pfeil, U., Arjan, R. & Zaphiris, P. (2009). Age differences in online social networking. A study of user profiles and the social capital divide among teenagers and older users in MySpace. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(3), 643-654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.08.015
Rebollo-Catalán, A. & Vico, A. (2014). El apoyo social percibido como factor de la inclusión digital de las mujeres de entorno rural en las redes sociales virtuales. Comunicar, 43, 173-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C43-2014-17
Rubio, M. J. y Escofet, A. (2013). Estudio sobre los usos de las TIC y el empoderamiento de las mujeres. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación, 62(3), 1-13.
Seidman, G. (2013). Self-presentation and belonging on Facebook: How personality influences social media use and motivations. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 402–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.10.009
Selwyn, N. & Facer, K. (2007). Beyond the digital divide: Rethinking digital inclusion for the 21st century. Futurelab: Bristol.
Sloep, P. & Berlanga, A. (2011). Redes de aprendizaje, aprendizaje en red. Comunicar, XIX(37), 55-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C37-2011-02-05
Smoke, A.D., Ellison, N.B., Lampe, C. & Wohn, D.Y. (2011). Facebook as a toolkit: A uses and gratification approach to unbundling feature use. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 2322–2329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.07.011
Staksrud, E., Ólafsson, K. & Livingstone, S. (2013). Does the use of social networking sites increase children's risk of harm? Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.026
Steinfield, C., Ellison, N. B. & Lampe, C. (2008). Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 434-445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.002
Subrahmanyam, K., Reich, S.M., Waechter, N., Espinoza, G. (2008). Online and offline social networks: Use of social networking sites by emerging adults. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29, 420-433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.003
Tosun, L.P. (2012). Motives for Facebook use and expressing ''true self'' on the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1510–1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.03.018
Valenzuela, S., Park, N. & Kee, K. (2009). Is there social capital in a social network site?: Facebook use and college students' life satisfaction, trust, and participation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 875–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01474.x
vanDeursen, A.J. & van Dijk, J.A. (2013). The digital divide shifts to differences in usage. New media & society, 0(0) 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444813487959
vanDijk, J.A. (2006). Digital divide research, achievements and shortcomings. Poetics, 34, 221–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2006.05.004
vanDijk, J.A. (2005). The deepening divide: Inequality in the information society. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Verges, N. (2012). De la exclusión a la autoinclusión de las mujeres en las TIC. Motivaciones, posibilitadores y mecanismos de autoinclusión. Athenea Digital, 12 (3), 129-150.
Vergés, N., Hache, A. & Cruells, E. (2011). Indagando en la relevancia de internet en el acceso, uso y deseos de las TIC por parte de las mujeres en las TIC. TESI, 12 (2), 105-121.
Yang, C.C & Brown, B. (2013). Motives for using facebook, patterns of Facebook activities, and late adolescents. Social adjustment to college. Youth Adolescence, 42, 403–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9836-x
Zillien, N & Hargittai, E. (2009). Digital distinction: status-specific Internet uses. Social ScienceQuarterly, 90(2), 274–291.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00617.x
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Los autores ceden de forma no exclusiva los derechos de explotación de los trabajos publicados a RELIEVE (a los solos efectos de favorecer la difusión de los artículos publicados:firmar contratos de difusión, de integración en bases de datos, etc.) y consienten que se distribuyan bajo la licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-Uso No Comercial 4.0 International (CC-BY-NC 4.0), que permite a terceros el uso de lo publicado siempre que se mencione la autoría de la obra y la fuente de publicación, y se haga uso sin fines comerciales.
Los autores pueden llegar a otros acuerdos contractuales adicionales e independientes, para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del trabajo publicado en esta revista (por ejemplo, incluyéndolo en un repositorio institucional o publicándolo en un libro), siempre y cuando se cite claramente que la fuente original de publicación es esta revista.
A los autores se les anima a difundir su trabajo después de publicado, a través de internet (por ejemplo, en archivos institucionales en línea o en su página web) lo que puede generar intercambios interesantes y aumentar las citas del trabajo.
La mera remisión del artículo a RELIEVE supone la aceptación de estas condiciones.