Reducción de la desigualdad y gasto social: Evidencia empírica para 35 países europeos, 2004-2018

Autores/as

  • Juan Ignacio Martín-Legendre Universidad de La Coruña

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7203/IREP.4.2.25797

Resumen

Este artículo busca determinar qué categorías de gasto social son las más eficaces para reducir la desigualdad de ingresos y cuantificar en qué medida contribuyen a esa mejora. Para ello, hemos reunido una muestra de 35 países europeos para el periodo 2004-2018 sobre la que hemos aplicado técnicas de análisis de regresión para datos de panel. Nuestros resultados señalan la importancia crucial del gasto en vivienda, desempleo y pensiones de jubilación para explicar la capacidad redistributiva del gasto social en transferencias. Asimismo, detectamos el papel crítico del ciclo económico y otros factores asociados a cada país que no fueron capturados por las variables explicativas incluidas en nuestro modelo.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Alesina, A. and Perotti, R. (1996). Income Distribution, Political Instability, and Investment. European Economic Review, 40(6), 1203-1228.

Alesina, A. and Rodrik, D. (1994). Distributive Politics and Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(2), 465-490.

Anderson, E., d'Orey, M. A. J., Duvendack, M. and Esposito, L. (2018). Does Government Spending Affect Income Poverty? A Meta-Regression Analysis. World Development, 103, 60-71.

Björklund, A., and Palme, M. (2000). The evolution of income inequality during the rise of the Swedish welfare state 1951 to 1973. SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance No 450.

Caminada, K. and Goudswaard, K. (2009). Social Expenditure and Poverty Reduction in the EU-15 and Other OECD countries. Department of Economics Research Memorandum.

Caminada, K., and Goudswaard, K. (2010). How Well is Social Expenditure Targeted to the Poor? In P. Saunders and R. Sainsbury (eds.) Social Security, Poverty and Social Exclusion in Rich and Poorer Countries. International Studies On Social Security, 16, 97-112.

Caminada, K., Goudswaard, K. and Koster, F. (2012). Social Income Transfers and Poverty: A Cross‐Country Analysis for OECD Countries. International Journal of Social Welfare, 21(2), 115-126.

Esping-Andersen, G. (1990), The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press.
Förster, M. F. and Mira D'Ercole, M. (2005). Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries in the Second Half of the 1990s. OECD, Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers No. 22.

Gilens, M. and Page, B. I. (2014). Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens. Perspectives on Politics, 12(3), 564-581.

Guillaud, E., Olckers, M. and Zemmour, M. (2020). Four Levers of Redistribution: The Impact of Tax and Transfer Systems on Inequality Reduction. Review of Income and Wealth, 66(2), 444-466.

Heady, C., Mitrakos, T. and Tsakloglou, P. (2001). The distributional impact of social transfers in the European Union: evidence from the ECHP. Fiscal Studies, 22(4), 547-565

Joumard, I., Pisu, M., and Bloch, D. (2013). Tackling income inequality: The role of taxes and transfers. OECD Journal: Economic Studies, 2012(1), 37-70.

Kim, H. (2000). Anti‐Poverty Effectiveness of Taxes and Income Transfers in Welfare States. International Social Security Review, 53(4), 105-129.

Knowles, S. (2005). Inequality and Economic Growth: The Empirical Relationship Reconsidered in the Light of Comparable Data. The Journal of Development Studies, 41(1), 135-159.

Leibfried, S. (1993). Towards a European Welfare State? On integrating poverty regimes in the European Community. In C. Jones (ed.) New Perspectives on the Welfare State (pp. 133–156). Oxford: Blackwell.

Leventi, C., Sutherland, H. and Tasseva, I. V. (2019). Improving Poverty Reduction in Europe: What Works Best Where? Journal of European Social Policy, 29(1), 29-43.

Lindsey, B. and Teles, S. M. (2017). The Captured Economy: How the Powerful Enrich Themselves, Slow Down Growth, and Increase Inequality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Lustig, N., Pessino, C. and Scott, J. (2014). The Impact of Taxes and Social Spending on Inequality and Poverty in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay: Introduction to the Special Issue. Public Finance Review, 42(3), 287-303.

Miežienė, R. and Krutulienė, S. (2019). The Impact of Social Transfers on Poverty Reduction in EU Countries. Baltic Journal of European Studies, 9(1), 157-175.

Notten, G. and Guio, A-C. (2019). The Impact of Social Transfers on Income Poverty and Material Deprivation. In Decent Incomes for All. Improving Policies in Europe by B. Cantillon, T. Goedemé and J. Hills, Eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 85-107.

OECD (2009). Growing Unequal?: Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries. Paris: OECD Publishing.

OECD (2012). Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Rising. Paris: OECD Publishing.

OECD (2013). Crisis Squeezes Income and Puts Pressure on Inequality and Poverty: Results from the OECD Income Distribution Database. Paris: OECD Publishing.

OECD (2014a). Focus on Top Incomes and Taxation in OECD Countries: Was the Crisis a Game Changer? Paris: OECD Publishing.

OECD (2014b). Rising Inequality: Youth and Poor Fall Further Behind. Paris: OECD Publishing.

OECD (2014c). Trends in Income Inequality and its Impact on Economic Growth. Paris: OECD Publishing.

Persson, T. and Tabellini, G. (1994). Is Inequality Harmful for Growth? American Economic Review, 84(3), 600-621.

Wang, C., Caminada, K. and Goudswaard, K. (2012). The redistributive effect of social transfer programmes and taxes: A decomposition across countries. International Social Security Review, 65(3), 27-48.

Wolff, E. N. and Zacharias, A. (2007). The Distributional Consequences of Government Spending and Taxation in the US, 1989 and 2000. Review of Income and Wealth, 53(4), 692-715.

Descargas

Publicado

2022-12-29

Cómo citar

Martín-Legendre, J. I. (2022). Reducción de la desigualdad y gasto social: Evidencia empírica para 35 países europeos, 2004-2018. International Review of Economic Policy-Revista Internacional De Política Económica, 4(2), 49–65. https://doi.org/10.7203/IREP.4.2.25797
Metrics
Vistas/Descargas
  • Resumen
    383
  • PDF
    277

Número

Sección

Artículos

Métrica