Deliberative Mini-Publics as a Democratic Alternative: The Normative Desirability, Technical Feasibility, and Political Viability of Sortition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7203/qfia.10.2.26557Palabras clave:
Democratic alternatives, real utopias, sortition, deliberative mini-publics, alternativas democráticas, utopías reales, sorteo, mini-públicos deliberativos
Resumen
Mini-públicos deliberativos como una alternativa democrática: la deseabilidad normativa, factibilidad técnica y viabilidad política del sorteo
Abstract: Democratic societies are currently facing a legitimacy crisis, as evidenced by citizens’ distrust towards political institutions and parties, as well as the emergence of anti-democratic responses. To address this crisis some civil society actors and scholars have proposed alternatives based on radical egalitarian principles that can be classified as “real utopias”. To overcome the contradiction between utopia and reality, these alternatives need to extend beyond what is considered normatively desirable and must also be both technically feasible and politically viable. This paper aims to analyze sortition and mini-publics as one of those alternatives.
Resumen: La emergencia de propuestas antidemocráticas y la desconfianza ciudadana hacia los partidos e instituciones políticas reflejan la crisis de legitimidad que atraviesan actualmente las sociedades democráticas. Para abordar esta crisis, algunos actores de la sociedad civil e investigadoras/es han propuesto alternativas basadas en principios igualitarios radicales que pueden ser clasificadas como “utopías reales”. Para superar la contradicción entre utopía y realidad, dichas alternativas deben extenderse más allá de lo normativamente deseable y deben ser también técnicamente factibles y políticamente viables. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el sorteo y los mini-públicos como una de esas alternativas.
Descargas
Biografía del autor/a
Victoria Solé Delgado, Scuola Normale Superiore de Florencia
Citas
Abbas, N. & Sintomer, Y. 2022, “Tres imaginarios del sorteo en la política: ¿Democracia deliberativa, antipolítica o radical?”, Nueva Sociedad, 298: 55-74.
Bagg, S. 2022, “Sortition as Anti-Corruption: Popular Oversight against Elite Capture”, American Journal of Political Sciencie. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12704
Barber, B. 1984, Strong Democracy. Participatory Politics for a New Age, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Beauvis, E. 2018, “Deliberation and Equality”. In Bächtiger, A.; Dryzek, J. S.; Mansbridge, J. and Warren, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 144-55.
Bedock, C. & Pilet, J. B. 2021, “Who supports citizens selected by lot to be the main policymakers? A study of French citizens”, Government and Opposition, 56(3): 485-504.
Boulianne, S. 2018, “Mini-publics and Public Opinion: Two Survey-based Experiments”, Political Studies, 66(1): 119-36.
Boulianne, S.; Chen, K. & Kahane, D. 2020, “Mobilizing mini-publics: The Causal Impact of Deliberation on Civic Engagement Using Panel Data”, Politics, 40(4): 460-76.
Bouricius, T. & Schecter, D. 2013, “An Idealized Design for The Legislative Branch of Government”, Systems Thinking World Journal: Reflection in Action, 2(1).
Brennan, J. 2017, Against Democracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Brown, M. 2018, “Deliberation and Representation”. In Bächtiger, A.; Dryzek, J. S.; Mansbridge, J. and Warren, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 171-86.
Buchstein, H. & Hein, M. 2009, “Randomizing Europe: The Lottery As A Decisionmaking Procedure for Policy Creation in the EU”, Critical Policy Studies, 3(1): 29-57.
Carson, L. 2021, “Should Politicians Deliberate Alongside Citizens?”, newDemocracy Foundation. Retrieved from: https://www.g1000.org/sites/default/files/2022-10/RD-Should-politicians-deliberate-alongside-citizens.pdf
Carson, L. & Hart, P. 2011, “Beneficios del sorteo y la deliberación para la participación comunitaria”, Postconvencionales, 4: 75-94.
Corbetta, P. 2010, Metodologías y técnicas de investigación social, Madrid: McGraw Hill.
Courant, D. 2019, “Sortition and Democratic Principles: A Comparative Analysis”. In Gastil, J. & Wright, E. O. (ed.), Legislature by Lot. Transformative Designs for Deliberative Governance, New York: Verso Books, 229-48.113
Curato, N. & Parry, L. J. 2018, “Deliberation in Democracy’s Dark Times”, Journal of Public Deliberation, 14(2): 2.
Della Porta, D. (2018). Democracias. Participación, deliberación y movimientos sociales. Buenos Aires: Prometeo.
Diamond, L. 2021, “Democratic Regression in Comparative Perspective: Scope, Methods, and Causes”, Democratization, 28(1): 22-42.
Díaz Gorfinkiel, M. 2008, “El mercado de trabajo de los cuidados y la creación de las cadenas globales de cuidado: ¿cómo concilian las cuidadoras?”, Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales, 26(2): 71-89.
Dowlen, O. & Costa, J. 2016, El sorteo en política. Cómo pensarlo y cómo ponerlo en práctica, Sevilla: Editorial Doble J, “Colección Efialtes”.
Dryzek, J. S. 2010, Foundations and Frontiers of Deliberative Governance, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ehsassi, M. 2022, Government-Led Deliberative Mini-Publics (DMPs): Transformative or Transient? How Effective Are Government-Led Deliberative Mini-Publics (DMPs) in Increasing Levels of Civic and Political Engagement Among Participants?, Doctoral dissertation, Johns Hopkins University.
Escobar, O. & Elstub, S. 2019, “Introduction to the Handbook of Democratic Innovation and Governance: The Field of Democratic Innovation”. In Escobar, O. & Elstub, S. (ed.), The Handbook of Democratic Innovation and Governance, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 1-9.
Farrell, D. M. & Stone, P. 2020, “Sortition and Mini-publics: A Different Kind of Representation”. In Rohrschneider, R. & Jacques T. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Representation in Liberal Democracies, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 228-46.
Feenstra, R. A. 2017, “Democracia y elección por sorteo en las nuevas formas políticas: teorías políticas clásicas y contemporáneas”, Daimon. Revista Internacional de Filosofía, 72: 205-19.
Felicetti, A. & della Porta, D. 2019, “Joining Forces: The Sortition Chamber from a Social-Movement Perspective”. In Gastil, J. and Wright, E. O. (ed.), Legislature by Lot. Transformative Designs for Deliberative Governance (). New York: Verso Books,145-65.
Fishkin, J. S. 2018, Democracy when the people are thinking: Revitalizing our politics through public deliberation, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Font, J. & Blanco, I. 2007, “Procedural legitimacy and political trust: The case of citizen juries in Spain”, European Journal of Political Research, 46(4): 557-89.
Ganuza, E. & Mendiharat, A. 2020, La democracia es posible. Sorteo cívico y deliberación para rescatar el poder de la ciudadanía, Bilbao: Consonni.
Ganuza, E. y Menéndez, M. 2020, “¿Te ha tocado? El sorteo llega a la política de Madrid”, Recerca. Revista de Pensament i Anàlisi, 25(1): 95-109.
García-Espín, P. & Ganuza, E. 2017, “Participatory Skepticism: Ambivalence and Conflict in Popular Discourses of Participatory Democracy”, Qualitative Sociology, 40: 425-46.
García-Marzá, D. 2016, “Enfoques mesodeliberativos: sobre la articulación institucional en las democracias deliberativas”, Isegoría. Revista de filosofía Moral y Política, 54: 147-70.
García-Marzá, D. 2020, “Contra el nuevo revisionismo democrático: el alcance del valor moral de la democracia en K.-O. Apel”, Ethic@, 19(3): 568-91.
Gastil, J. & Wright, E. O. 2019, Legislature by Lot, London: Verso.
Germann, M.; Marien, S. & Muradova, L. 2022, “Scaling Up? Unpacking the Effect of Deliberative Mini-Publics on Legitimacy Perceptions”, Political Studies, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/00323217221137444.
Goldberg, S. 2022, Where the grass is always greener: non-participants’ contingent legitimacy perceptions of deliberative citizens’ forums, Doctoral dissertation, Universität Stuttgart.
Goldberg, S. & Bächtiger, S. 2023, “Catching the ‘Deliberative Wave’? How (disaffected) Citizens Assess Deliberative Citizen Forums”, British Journal of Political Science, 53(1): 239-47.
Goodwin, B. 1992, Justice by lottery, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Guerrero, A. 2014, “Against Elections: The Lottocratic Alternative”, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 42(2): 135-78.
Habermas, J. 1973, Legitimation Crisis, Boston: Beacon Press.
Haraway, D. 1988, “Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective”, Feminist Studies, 14(3): 575-99.
Harris, C. 2019, “Mini-Publics: Design Choices and Legitimacy”. In Escobar, O. & Elstub, S. (ed.), The Handbook of Democratic Innovation and Governance, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 45-59.
Hernández Sampieri, R.; Fernández, C. & Baptista, P. 2014, Metodología de la investigación, México D.F: McGraw Hill Education.
Jacquet, V.; Niessen, C. & Reuchamps, M. 2022, “Sortition, its Advocates and its Critics: An Empirical Analysis of Citizens’ and Mps’ Support for Random Selection As a Democratic Reform Proposal”, International Political Science Review, 43(2): 295-316.
Jenne, E. K. & Mudde, C. 2012, “Hungary’s Illiberal Turn: Can Outsiders Help?”, Journal of Democracy, 23(3): 147-55.
Junius, N.; Matthieu, J.; Caluwaerts, D. & Erzeel, S. 2020, “Is It Interests, Ideas or Institutions? Explaining Elected Representatives’ Positions Toward Democratic Innovations in 15 European Countries”, Frontiers in Political Science, 2, 584439.
Khoban, Z. 2022, “Politics of Emancipation: A Feminist Defense of Randomly Selected Political Representatives”, Critical Policy Studies, DOI: 10.1080/19460171.2022.2154235.
Knobloch, K. R. & Gastil, J. 2013, “Participant Accounts of Political Transformation”. In L. Carlson; J. Gastil; J. Hartz-Karp, & R. Lubensky (ed.), The Australian Citizens’ Parliament and the future of deliberative democracy, University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 235-47.
Knobloch, K. R. & Gastil, J. 2015, “Civic (Re)socialization: The Educative Effects of Deliberative Participation”, Politics, 35(2): 183-200.
Koskimaa, V. & Rapeli, L. 2020, “Fit to govern? Comparing Citizen and Policymaker Perceptions of Deliberative Democratic Innovations”, Policy & Politics, 48(4): 637-52.
Lafont, C. 2015, “Deliberation, Participation and Democratic Legitimacy: Should Deliberative Mini-publics Shape Public Policy?”, The Journal of Political Philosophy, 23(1): 40-63.
Lafont, C. 2022, “Innovaciones democráticas y la amenaza del tecnopopulismo”, Revista de las Cortes Generales, 112: 45-61.
Landemore, H. E. 2012, “Why the Many Are Smarter than the Few and Why It Matters”, Journal of Public Deliberation, 8(1).
Landemore, H. E. 2013, “Deliberation, Cognitive Diversity, and Democratic Inclusiveness: an Epistemic Argument for the Random Selection of Representatives”, Synthese, 190: 1209-31.
Lukes, S. 2007, El poder: Un enfoque radical, Madrid: Siglo XXI Editores.
Luque, E. 2005, “Jurados ciudadanos y organismos genéticamente modificados”, Revista Internacional de Sociología, 63(40): 231-46.
Macq, H. & Jacquet, V. 2023, “Institutionalising Participatory and Deliberative Procedures: The Origins of The First Permanent Citizens’ Assembly”, European Journal of Political Research, 62(1): 156-73.
Malleson, T. 2018, “Should Democracy Work through Elections or Sortition?”, Politics & Society, 46(3), 401-17.
Manin, B. 1997, The Principles of Representative Government, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Marciel, R. 2022, “Democracia, desinformación y conocimiento político: algunas aclaraciones conceptuales”, Dilemata, 38: 69-86.
Megías, A. 2020, “No es la economía, estúpido. La evolución del perfil del desafecto español pre y postcrisis”, Revista Española de Ciencia Política, 52: 85-120.
Michels, A. & Binnema, H. 2018, “Deepening and Connecting Democratic Processes. The Opportunities and Pitfalls of Mini-Publics in Renewing Democracy”, Social Sciences, 7.
Moffitt, B. & Tormey, S. 2014, “Rethinking populism: Politics, mediatisation and political style”, Political studies, 62(2), 381-97.
Moreno Pestaña, J. L. 2015, “El sorteo o la socialización del capital político”, El Viejo Topo, 327: 52-9.
Moreno Pestaña, J. L. 2019, Retorno a Atenas: La democracia como principio antioligárquico, Madrid: Siglo XXI.
Moreno Pestaña, J. L. 2021, Los pocos y los mejores. Localización y crítica del fetichismo político, Madrid: Ediciones Akal.
Neblo, M.; Esterling, K.; Kennedy, R.; Lazer, D. & Sokhe, A. 2010, “‘Who Wants to Deliberate and Why?’”, American Political Science Review, 104(3): 566-83.
Niessen, C. 2019, “When Citizen Deliberation Enters Real Politics: How Politicians and Stakeholders Envision the Place of a Deliberative Mini-Public In Political Decision-Making”, Policy Sciences, 52(3), 481-503.
Offe, C. 1987, “¿Legitimación política por decisión mayoritaria?”, Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 2: 5-21.
Oleart, A. 2023, “The Political Construction of the ‘Citizen Turn’ in the EU: Disintermediation and Depoliticisation in the Conference on the Future of Europe”, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, DOI:10.1080/14782804.2023.2177837
Olsen Espen D. H. & Trenz, H. J. 2014, “From Citizens’ Deliberation to Popular Will Formation? Generating Democratic Legitimacy in Transnational Deliberative Polling”, Political Studies, 62(S1): 117-33.
Owen, D. & Smith, G. 2018, “Sortition, Rotation, and Mandate: Conditions for Political Equality and Deliberative Reasoning”, Politics & Society, 46(3), 419-34.
Parkinson, J. 2006, Deliberating in the Real World: Problems of Legitimacy in Democracy, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pateman, C. 1970, Participation and Democratic Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pateman, C. 2012, “Participatory Democracy Revisted”, Perspectives on Politics, 10(1): 7-19.
Paulis, E.; Pilet, J. B.; Panel, S., Vittori, D. & Close, C. 2020, “The POLITICIZE Dataset: An Inventory of Deliberative Mini-Publics (DMPs) in Europe”, European Political Science, 20(3): 521-42.
Pek, S.; Mena, S. & Lyons, B. 2023, “The Role of Deliberative Mini-Publics in Improving the Deliberative Capacity of Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives”, Business Ethics Quarterly, 33(1): 102-45.
Pow, J.; van Dijk, L. & Marien, S. 2020, “It’s Not Just the Taking Part that Counts: ‘Like Me’ Perceptions Connect the Wider Public to Minipublics”, Journal of Deliberative Democracy, 16(2), 43.
Rangoni, S.; Bedock, C. & Talukder, D. 2021, “More Competent Thus More Legitimate? Mps’ Discourses On Deliberative Mini-Publics”, Acta Politica, 1-21.
Rubião, A. 2018, “O Sorteio na Política: Como Os Minipublicos Vem Transformando a Democracia”, Opinião Pública, 24: 699-723.
Secko, D. M.; Preto, N.; Niemeyer, S. & Burgess, M. 2009, “Informed Consent in Biobank Research: A Deliberative Approach to The Debate”, Social Science and Medicine, 68(4), 781-89.
Serafín, A. D. 2018, “Uso del sorteo, participación política y democracia. Una lección para México”, VI Congreso Nacional de Ciencias Sociales: Las Ciencias Sociales y la Agenda Nacional, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 19-23 marzo de 2018.
Setälä, M. 2017, “Connecting Deliberative Mini-publics to Representative Decision Making”, European Journal of Political Research, 56(4): 846-63.
Setälä, M.; Grönlund, K. & Herne, K. 2010, “Citizen Deliberation on Nuclear Power: A Comparison of Two Decision-Making Methods”, Political Studies, 58: 688-714.
Sintomer, Y. 2012, “Selección aleatoria, autogobierno republicano y democracia deliberativa”, Enrahonar. Quaderns de Filosofia, 48: 133-56.
Sintomer, Y. 2018, “From Deliberative to Radical Democracy? Sortition and Politics in the 21th Century”, Politics & Society, 46(3): 337-57.
Smith, G. 2009, Democratic Innovations. Designing institutions for citizen participation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sola, J. 2021, “Las utopías reales de Erik Olin Wright: ¿una reconstrucción científica del socialismo utópico?”, Revista Española de Sociología, 30(2): a42.
Spada, P. 2019, “The Impact of Democratic Innovations on Citizen’s Efficacy”. In Escobar, O. & Elstub, S. (ed.), The Handbook of Democratic Innovation and Governance, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 161-76.
Sunstein, C. R. 2002, “The Law of Group Polarization”, The Journal of Political Philosophy, 10(2): 175-95.
Talpin, J. 2015, “Democratic Innovation”. In della Porta, D. & Diani, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Social Movements, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 781-92.
Talpin, J. 2017, “¿Democratiza el sorteo la democracia? Cómo la democracia deliberativa ha despolitizado una propuesta radical”, Daimon. Revista Internacional de Filosofía, 72: 187-203.
Tomini, L. & Wagemann, C. 2018, “Varieties of Contemporary Democratic Breakdown and Regression: A Comparative Analysis”, European Journal of Political Research, 57(3): 687-716.
Torns, T. & Recio, C. 2013, “La división sexual del trabajo: las desigualdades en el empleo y en el trabajo doméstico y de cuidados”, In Díaz, C. & Dema, S. (ed.). Sociología y género, Madrid: Tecnos, 153-82.
Van Dijck, J. 2014, “Datafication, Dataism and Dataveillance: Big Data Between Scientific Paradigm and Ideology”, Surveillance and Society, 12(2): 197-208.
Van Dijk, L.; Turkenburg, E. & Pow, J. 2023, “The Perceived Legitimacy of Deliberative Minipublics: Taking the Perspective of Polarized Citizens”, European Political Science Review. DOI:10.1017/S1755773922000649.
Van Reybrouck, D. 2016, Against Elections, New York: Seven Stories Press.
Vandamme, P. & Verret-Hamelin, A. 2017, “A Randomly Selected Chamber: Promises and Challenges”, Journal of Public Deliberation, 13(1): Art.5.
Walsh, C. D. & Elkink, J. A. 2021, “The Dissatisfied and the Engaged: Citizen Support for Citizens’ Assemblies and Their Willingness to Participate”, Irish Political Studies, 36(4): 647-66.
Wright, E. O. 2010, Envisioning Real Utopias, London: Verso.
Zabdyr-Jamróz, M. 2019, “Preventing the Atrophy of the Deliberative Stance: Considering Non-Decisional Participation as a Prerequisite to Political Freedom”, Avant: Trends in Interdisciplinary Studies, 10(1): 89-117.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
-
Resumen403
-
PDF 290
Número
Sección
Licencia
Las obras publicadas en Quaderns de Filosofia se encuentran bajo la licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación del trabajo al igual que licenciado bajo una Creative Commons Attribution License que permite a otros compartir el trabajo con un reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y la publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Artículos similares
Enviar un artículo
Idioma
Información
