La Academia y sus cánones lexicográficos y gramaticales: el flujo oscilante de la información

Abstract

Establishing rules to write the entries or grammatical items in the complete series of the Academy’s dictionary (1780-2001) and grammars (1771-1931) allows to study diachronically two really interesting aspects in the process of academic grammaticalization: on one hand, progress made by the Academy as far as defining and/or characterizing such elements. On the other hand, whether there has been mutual information exchange between both works: the time, manner and extent in which one preceded or influenced the other one. In this sense, the relationship between dictionaries and grammars assume the weight of policy coherence that is expected from them. In this article, starting from the study of the lemma cual/cuál (and its derivates), it has been possible to identify five different lexicographic writing (rules) and six different grammatical rules and it has been established (i) that until 1803, the work that most provides information is the dictionary and, thus, it exerts a certain scientific superiority over the grammar; (ii) that in the project that goes from 1803 to 1869, it could be said that there is real parity between the contents of both; and (iii) that from 1869, the dictionary probably falls behind, that is from when Linguistics (and Grammar) starts developing as a scientific discipline and thus the dictionnary concentrates its work in sematic decoding.