Habilidades musicales y cognitivas en niños/as de entornos desfavorecidos

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7203/LEEME.49.24089

Keywords:

Habilidad musical, habilidad cognitiva, niños/as, nivel socioeconómico.

Abstract

Los seres humanos nacen con habilidades que pueden sufrir cambios. Hay varios estudios que se centran en las relaciones entre las habilidades las musicales y las cognitivas. Sin embargo, la investigación de esta relación entre niños/as desfavorecidos/as es escasa. Este estudio ha analizado las relaciones entre habilidades musicales y cognitivas en niños/as en contexto de exclusión socioeconómica. En él, han participado 169 niños/as de segundo año de Educación Primaria de escuelas públicas sin educación musical. Sus habilidades musicales (de percepción) se midieron con las pruebas de Melodía, Ritmo y Memoria de la Montreal Battery for the Evaluation of Musical Abilities, y sus habilidades cognitivas con cinco subpruebas de WISC III (Analogías, Vocabulario, Cubos, Ordenamiento de Historias y Retención de Dígitos). El nivel de educación de los progenitores se obtuvo a partir de un cuestionario sobre el nivel socioeconómico (SES) de las familias. Los resultados revelan (1) pocas y débiles correlaciones entre habilidades musicales y cognitivas; (2) correlaciones más fuertes de SES con habilidades cognitivas que musicales; 3) retención de dígitos predice todas las habilidades musicales; 4) una clara distinción factorial entre habilidades musicales y cognitivas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las habilidades musicales y cognitivas de los/as niños/as desfavorecidos/as, medidas con estos instrumentos, son parcialmente independientes en componentes de procesamiento.

Author Biographies

Graça Boal-Palheiros, CIPEM/INET-md, Escola Superior de Educação, Politécnico do Porto Rua Roberto Frias, 602,  4200-465 Porto, Portugal

Graça Boal-Palheiros is Co-Ordinating Professor at the School of Education of Porto Polytechnic, Portugal, where she teaches in both graduate and master courses and coordinates the Master in Music Education. She received a PhD in Music Psychology from the University of Surrey Roehampton, London, an MA in Music Education from the Institute of Education, University of London, a BA in Music Pedagogy, from the Lemmens Institute, University of Leuven, and a degree in Psychology from the University of Porto. Graça has been a member of the International Society for Music Education Board and Executive, chair of its INA Committee and co-chair of the ISME Research Commission (2008-2016). Former president of the APEM - Portuguese Association of Music Education (2006-2012) she was editor of the APEM Journal for nine years. Co-founder and president of the Wuytack Association of Music Pedagogy, she coordinates its Teacher Education Centre as well as editorial and musical projects. Co-founder of the CIPEM (Centre for Research in Psychology of Music and Music Education) and former member of the CIEC (Child Studies Centre, University of Minho). She is currently the director and an integrated researcher of CIPEM/ INET-md (Branch at the Porto Polytechnic), where she coordinates the research group Education and Music in the Community. Her interests include children’s music listening, adolescents’ singing, music teacher education and musical projects for social inclusion. She has served in the Editorial Boards of the journals British Journal of Music Education, Eufonía, Frontiers in Psychology, Música, Psicologia e Educação, Opus, Revista de Educação Musical and Revista Internacional de Educación Musical. She is co-author of the Music Programs for the Second and the Third Cycles of Basic Education (Ministry of Education, 1991) and author of one of the first books on research in music education published in Portugal (APEM, 1993). She has published in several countries, presents at national and international conferences and has lectured at universities in Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Japan, Spain and the UK .

Pedro Figueira, CIPEM/INET-md, Escola Superior de Educação, Politécnico do Porto Rua Roberto Frias, 602, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal

Pedro Figueira is a Post-Doctoral fellow at the Research Centre CIPEM/INET-md.

São Luís Castro, CPUP, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto.

São Luís Castro is full Professor at the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the UNiversity of Porto.

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Published

2022-06-04

Issue

No. 49 (2022): REVISTA ELECTRÓNICA DE LEEME

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Monográfico

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