The process of nonverbal communication between choir and conductor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7203/LEEME.36.9873Keywords:
Choral Conducting, Non-Verbal Communication, Music Education.Abstract
Some elements of nonverbal communication between conductor and choir singers might affect the sound and the response of the choir before and during a performance. This study is about these elements surrounding the performance. It was carried out an experiment with an amateur choir (N=25; 15 women and 10 men). The choir (Luleå Kammarkör) is considered an outstanding choir with strict requirements for admission within a mid-high class societal level. The same musical piece was conducted in two different ways, one inexpressive and the second one in an expressive manner. After the performance, the singers answered an anonymous survey. The experiment was recorded with two video cameras in order to study the role of the conductor and to observe the choir. After the analysis of the data included in the videotape and the responses of the questionnaire, it can be concluded that the conductor’s gesture, facial expression and body language are important before and during a performance. Through gesture and these elements conductor shows musical intentions in a nonverbal language. This way to perform music is more useful for singers because they receive more information from the conductor and their response is different. These differences are appreciated in sound, intonation and attention of the choir. The results have a wide range of application, from music classrooms to professional choirs.
References
Borgdorff, H. (2008). Artistic research and Academia: An uneasy relationship. Stockholm: Swedish Research Council.
Collins Dictionary of English (2013) Retrieved from (www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english)
Cox, D. R., & Reid, N. (2000). The theory of the design of experiments. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC Press.
Durrant, C. (2009). Communicating and Accentuating the Aesthetic and Expressive Dimension in Choral Conducting. International Journal of Music Education, 27. pp. 326-340. Retrieved from http://ijm.sagepub.com/content/27/4/326
Fink, A. (2002). The Survey Handbook (2nd. Edition). London: SAGE Publications, Retrieved from http://srmo.sagepub.com/view/the-survey-handbook/n1.xml
Fuelberth, R. (2004). The effect of various left hand conducting gestures on perceptions of anticipated vocal tension in singers. International Journal of Research in Choral Singing, 2(1), 27-38.
Gallops, R. (2005). The effect of conducting gesture on expressive-interpretive performance of college music majors. Dissertation Abstracts International, 66 (9), 3147.
Kaplan, A. (1985) Choral Conducting. Washington: W.W. Norton & Company.
Litman, P. (2006). The relationship between gesture and sound: A pilot study of choral conducting behaviour in two related settings. Visions of Research in Music Education, 8, 1-27.
Manternach, J. (2012). The effect of nonverbal conductor lip rounding and eyebrow lifting on singers’ lip and eyebrow postures: A motion capture study. International Journal of Research in Choral Singing, 4(1), 36-46.
Oxford Dictionaries (2015). Retrieved from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/
Randel, D. (ed.) (1986). The New Harvard Dictionary of Music. London: Harvard University Press.
Val, A. (2013). Expressiveness in choral conducting and its influence on the choir (Master’s Thesis). Lulea, Sweden: Lulea University of Technology http://pure.ltu.se/portal/sv/studentthesis/expressiveness-in-choral-conducting-and-its-influence- on-the-choir%28044ed6be-e61f-4e18-89d1-a655ed14eee6%29.html
Shadish, R., Cook, T. & Campbell, D. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference (orig. ed., 1963). London: Wadsworth Publishing.
Sydenham, J. (1997). English translation of Swedish text on the CD Swedish a capella, (Volume 1) (CHANDOS, Chan 9543). Colchester: Chandos Records. Retrieved from http://www.chandos.net/pdf/CHAN%209543.pdf
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who have publications with this journal agree to the following terms:
a) Authors will retain their copyright and will grant the journal the right of first publication of their work, which will simultaneously be subject to the Creative Commons Attribution License that allows third parties to share the work as long as its author and first publication in this journal are indicated.
b) Authors may enter into other non-exclusive licensing arrangements for the distribution of the published version of the paper (e.g. depositing it in an institutional telematic archive or publishing it in a monographic volume) provided that initial publication in this journal is indicated.
c) Authors are allowed and encouraged to disseminate their work via the Internet (e.g. in institutional telematic archives or on their website) before and during the submission process, which may lead to interesting exchanges and increase citations of the published work.
d) They agree to act as reviewers, if requested by the journal's editorial team.