Asylum hearings in Italy: Who mediates between cultures?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7203/Just.3.28272Paraules clau:
entrevistes d'asil, interpretació, competència comunicativa intercultural, formació intercultural, asimetria de poder
Resum
Juristes, investigadores i investigadors de l'àmbit del dret han apuntat que el factor més important en la determinació de la condició de refugiada o refugiat és si les persones sol·licitants d'asil poden o no aportar proves creïbles de “temors fundats de persecució”. Aquest procés de resolució és extremadament complex, ja que hi tenen gran pes els factors psicològics, lingüístics i culturals. Amb l’anàlisi d’una sèrie d’audiències de sol·licitud d’asil mediades per intèrpret a Itàlia, aquest article posa de relleu els vincles existents entre les pràctiques d'interpretació jurídica i els factors (inter)culturals. Més concretament, l’article se centra en com la comunicació i la cultura capaciten i limiten els testimonis de les i els sol·licitants d'asil en els seus esforços per demostrar que mereixen rebre protecció. Argumentem que les normes culturals influeixen de forma negativa i desigual en les decisions preses en alguns casos de sol·licitud d'asil, i donem suport aquesta afirmació amb dades procedents d'audiències entre sol·licitants d'asil i funcionàries i funcionaris d'immigració del centre d'Itàlia en les quals s'ha recorregut a serveis d'interpretació. Per analitzar aquestes dades, adoptem un enfocament centrat en la interacció i el discurs. La formació de les i els intèrprets que treballen en aquest entorn i la millora de la qualitat dels serveis d'interpretació d'asil portaran, en última instància, a procediments de determinació de la condició de refugiada o refugiat més justos, i a una ètica professional de les i els intèrprets millor perfilada.
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Biografies de l'autora o autor
Amalia Agata Maria Amato, University of Bologna
Fabrizio Gallai, UNINT
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