The incidence of empathy when interpreting in the field for vulnerable populations in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7203/Just.3.27744Paraules clau:
empatia, interpretació sobre el terreny, contextos fràgils, persones vulnerables, conflicte palestinoisraelià
Resum
L’objectiu d’aquest article és descriure l’impacte de l’empatia en intèrprets que treballen sobre el terreny amb persones vulnerables en el context del conflicte palestinoisraelià. Les dades, de caràcter qualitatiu, es van obtenir el 2018 mitjançant entrevistes amb intèrprets professionals (tant autònomes o autònoms com permanents) que treballaven sobre el terreny per a organitzacions internacionals i s'han plasmat en dues narratives paradigmàtiques (una per a cada perfil professional) com a mitjà per a preservar l’anonimat de les persones participants. Aquestes narratives mostren un impacte significatiu de l’empatia en determinades situacions comunicatives i la consideració d’aquesta com un impediment alhora que com una emoció útil per a la tasca en qüestió. L'article suggereix que aquestes percepcions conflictives es poden acarar empoderant amb formació psicològica les i els intèrprets perquè puguen conciliar la seua tasca amb el seu propi posicionament.
Descàrregues
Biografia de l'autora o autor
Manuel Barea Muñoz, Universidad Pablo de Olavide
Referències
Babbie, Earl. 2001. The practice of social research. 9th ed. Wadsworth, OH: Thomson Learning.
Baker, Sally, Phillipa Bellemore & Sally Morgan. 2023. “Researching in fragile contexts: Exploring and responding to layered responsibility for researcher care.” Womens Studies International Forum 98: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2023.102700.
Ballesteros Sanjorge, Katrin. 2018. “Trauma vicario en intérpretes.” Polissema 18: 13–32.
Bar-Tal, Daniel. 2007. “Sociopsychological foundations of intractable conflicts.” American Behavioral Scientist 50 (11): 1430–1453. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764207302462.
Barea Muñoz, Manuel. 2021a. "La interpretación en conflictos prolongados: el Conflicto israelí-palestino." Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Geneva.
Barea Muñoz, Manuel. 2021b. "Psychological aspects of interpreting violence: A narrative from the Israeli Palestinian conflict." In Interpreting conflict, edited by Marija Todorova & Lucía Ruiz Rosendo, 195–212. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66909-6_10.
Batson, C. Daniel, Jim Fultz & Patricia A. Schoenrade. 1987. “Distress and empathy: two qualitatively distinct vicarious emotions with different motivational consequences.” Journal of Personality 55 (1): 19–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00426.x.
Beltrán Aniento, Gemma. 2013. "El papel y la ética del intérprete en situaciones de conflicto." MA dissertation Unpublished, University of Valladolid.
Bierman, Alex & Ryan Kelty. 2018. “Subjective cohesion as stress buffer among civilians working with the military in Iraq and Afghanistan.” Armed Forces & Society 44 (2): 238–260. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X17707203.
Borda Bohigas, Juan Pablo, Juan O. Carrillo, Daniel F. Garzón, María P. Ramírez & Nicolás Rodríguez. 2015. “Trauma histórico. Revisión sistemática de un abordaje diferente al conflicto armado.” Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría 44 (1): 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2014.09.005.
Borrell Carrió, Francesc. 2018. “Simpatía-empatía-compasión: parecen lo mismo pero no lo son.” Folia Humanística10: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.30860/0042.
Bride, Brian E. 2004. “The impact of providing psychosocial services to traumatized populations.” Stress, Trauma, and Crisis 7 (1): 29–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/15434610490281101.
Butler, Catherine. 2008. “Speaking the unspeakable: Female interpreters’ response to working with women who have been raped in war.” Clinical Psychology Forum 192: 22–26. https://doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2008.1.192.22.
Cavanna, Davide. 2020. "At the service of international justice: Interpreting services at the Main Nuremberg Trial and at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda." Unpublished MA dissertation, University of Geneva.
Charmaz, Kathy. 2006. Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Delgado Luchner, Carmen & Leïla Kherbiche. 2018. “Without fear or favour? The positionality of ICRC and UNHCR interpreters in the humanitarian field.” Target 30 (3): 408–429. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.17108.del.
Delgado Luchner, Carmen & Leïla Kherbiche. 2019. “Ethics training for humanitarian interpreters working in conflict and post-conflict settings.” Journal of War & Culture Studies 12 (3): 251–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/17526272.2019.1644412.
Engeström, Yrjö. 1987. Learning by expanding: An activity theoretical approach to developmental research. Helsinki: Orienta‐Konsultit.
Fox, Alison, Sally Baker, Koula Charitonos, Victoria Jack & Barbara Moser-Mercer. 2020. “Ethics-in-practice in fragile contexts: Research in education for displaced persons, refugees and asylum seekers.” In “Ethical questions in educational research,” edited by David Aldridge. Special issue, British Educational Research Journal 46 (4): 829–847. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3618.
Gallai, Fabrizio. 2019. “Interpreting ethics in fragile environments.” In “Translating and interpreting in danger zones,” edited by Wine Tesseur. Special issue, Journal of War & Culture Studies 12 (3): 220–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/17526272.2019.1644414.
Gilbert, Paul. 2014. “The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy.” British Journal of Clinical Psychology 53 (1): 6–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12043.
González Campanella, Alejandra. 2023. “'Trauma informs so much of what happens:' interpreting refugee-background clients in Aotearoa New Zealand.” In “Translation in times of crises and conflicts,” edited by Roberto A. Valdeón. Special issue, Perspectives 31 (3): 413–430. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2022.2098784.
Guerrero Romera, Catalina. 2012. “El mediador intercultural en el ámbito sociosanitario.” Revista de educación social 14: 1–13.
Halperin, Eran & Drew Schwartz. 2010. “Emotions in conflict resolution and post-conflict reconciliation.” Les cahiers internationaux de psychologie sociale 3: 423–442. https://doi.org/10.3917/cips.087.0423.
Hoedemaekers, Irene & Joseph Soeters. 2009. "Interactions rituals and language mediation during peace missions: Experiences from Afghanistan." In Advances in military sociology: Essays in honour of Charles C. Moskos, edited by Giuseppe Caforio, 329–352. Bingley: Emerald. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1572-8323(2009)000012A024.
Hsieh, Elaine & Brenda Nicodemus. 2015. “Conceptualizing emotion in healthcare interpreting: A normative approach to interpreters’ emotion work.” Patient Education and Counseling 98 (12): 1474–1481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2015.06.012.
Jeffrey, David & Robert Downie. 2016. “Empathy – Can it be taught?” Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 46: 107–112. https://doi.org/10.4997/jrcpe.2016.210.
Jones, Ian & Louise Askew. 2014. Meeting the language challenges of NATO operations. Basington: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137312563.
Kherbiche, Leïla. 2009. "Interprètes de l'ombre et du silence: entre cris et chuchotements (Réflexion sur l'interprétation dans un contexte humanitaire auprès du CICR)." Unpublished MA dissertation, University of Geneva.
Krystallidou, Demi, Aline Remael, Esther de Boe, Kristin Hendrickx, Giannoula Tsakitzidis, Sofie van de Geuchte & Peter Pype. 2018. “Investigating empathy in interpreter-mediated simulated consultations: An explorative study.” Patient Education and Counseling 101 (1): 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2017.07.022.
Lewis, Rhonda K., Pamela P. Martin & Bianca L. Guzman. 2022. “COVID-19 and vulnerable populations.” In “COVID‐19 and Vulnerable Populations,” edited by Rhonda K. Lewis, Pamela P. Martin & Bianca L. Guzman. Special issue, Journal of Community Psychology 50 (6): 2537–2541. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22880.
Lor, Mailee. 2012. "Effects of client trauma on interpreters: An exploratory study of vicarious trauma." Unpublished PhD dissertation, St. Catherine University and University of St. Thomas.
Madrid, Paula A. & Stephanie J. Schacher. 2006. “A critical concern: Pediatrician self-care after disasters.” Pediatrics 117 (Suppl. 4): S454–S457. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0099V.
Merlini, Raffaela & Roberta Favaron. 2007. "Examining the ‘voice of interpreting’ in speech pathology." In Healthcare interpreting: Discourse and interaction, edited by Franz Pöchhacker & Miriam Shlesinger, 101–137. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/bct.9.08mer.
Metzger, Melanie. 1999. Sign language interpreting: Deconstructing the myth of neutrality. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University.
Moreno-Rivero, Javier. 2018. “Interdisciplinary multilingual practices in NGOs. Addressing translation and interpreting at the ‘Human Rights Investigations Lab‘ and ‘Translators Without Borders‘.” Translation Spaces 7 (1): 143–161. https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.00008.mor.
Moser-Mercer, Barbara, Leïla Kherbiche & Barbara Class. 2014. “Interpreting conflict: Training challenges in humanitarian field interpreting.” Journal of Human Rights Practice 6 (1): 140–158. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/hut025.
Ndongo Keller, Justine. 2015. "Vicarious trauma and stress management." In The Routledge handbook of interpreting, 337–351. London: Routledge.
Nyamathi, Adeline & Deborah Koniak-Griffin. 2007. “Foreword.” Annual Review of Nursing Research 25 (1): 13–15. https://doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.25.1.13.
Radicioni, Maura. 2020. "Cultural differences in interpreter-mediated medical encounters in complex humanitarian settings: The case of Emergency ONG Onlus." In Handbook of research on medical interpreting, edited by Izabel E.T. de V. Souza & Effrossyni Fragkou, 165–187. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9308-9.ch007.
Radicioni, Maura & Lucia Ruiz Rosendo. 2022. “Learning dynamics between cultural mediators in humanitarian healthcare: A case study.” In “Communities of practice and translation,” edited by Patrick Cadwell, Federico M. Federici & Sharon O’Brien. Special issue, Journal of Specialised Translation (37): 139–159.
Rok, Chitrakar & Carmen Valero-Garcés. 2014. "The challenges of professional ethics in war and crisis interpreting." In (Re) considerando ética e ideología en situaciones de conflicto = (Re) visisiting ethics and ideology in situations of conflict, edited by Carmen Valero-Garcés & Bianca Vitalaru, 72–78. Alcalá de Henares: Universidad de Alcalá.
Rosler, Nimrod, Smadar Cohen-Chen & Eran Halperin. 2017. “The distinctive effects of empathy and hope in intractable conflicts.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 61 (1): 114–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002715569772.
Roy, Cynthia B. 1993. “The problem with definitions, descriptions, and the role metaphors of interpreters.” Journal of Interpretation 6 (1): 127–154.
Ruiz Rosendo, Lucia, Alma Barghout & Conor H. Martin. 2021. “Interpreting on UN field missions: A training programme.” Interpreter and Translator Trainer 15 (4): 450–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2021.1903736.
Ruiz Rosendo, Lucía & Clementina Persaud. 2019. “On the frontline: Mediating across languages and cultures in peacekeeping operations.” Armed Forces & Society 45 (3): 472–490. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X18755108.
Sande, Hans. 1998. “Supervision of refugee interpreters: 5 years of experience from Northern Norway.” Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 52 (5): 403–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039489850139436.
Spahić, Edina. 2011. "El papel del intérprete/traductor en situaciones de conflicto bélico: el caso de la ex-Yugoslavia, 1992-1995." In Últimas tendencias en traducción e interpretación, edited by Daniel Sáez Rivera, Jorge Braga Riera, Marta Abuín González, Marta Guirao Ochoa, Beatriz Soto Aranda & Nava Maroto García, 217–224. Madrid: Iberoamericana Vervuert. https://doi.org/10.31819/9783865278777-015.
Takimoto, Masato. 2009. “Characteristics of an interpreted situation with multiple participants: Implications for pedagogy.” International Journal of Interpreter Education 1: 33–44.
Todorova, Marija. 2017. “Interpreting at the border: «Shuttle interpreting» for the UNHCR.” CLINA 3 (2): 115–129. https://doi.org/10.14201/clina201732115129.
Todorova, Marija. 2019. "Interpreting for refugees: Empathy and activism." In Intercultural crisis communication: Translation, interpreting, and languages in local crises, edited by Federico M. Federici & Christophe Declercq, 153–173. London: Bloomsbury Academic. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350097087.ch-008.
Valero Garcés, Carmen. 2005. “Emotional and psychological effects on interpreters in public services. A critical factor to bear in mind.” Translation Journal 9 (3), https://dpsionline.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Emotional-and-Psychological-Effects-on-Interpreters-in-Public-Services.pdf.
Valero-Garcés, Carmen. 2006. “El impacto psicológico y emocional en los intérpretes y traductores de los servicios públicos, un factor a tener en cuenta.” Quaderns: Revista de Traducció 13: 141–154.
Viezzi, Mauricio. 2020. "Rules of professional conduct." In Teacher education for community interpreting and intercultural mediation: Selected chapters, edited by Nike K. Pokorn, Maurizio Viezzi & Tatjana Radanović Felberg, 136–155. Ljubljana: Ljubljana University Press and National institute of Public Health.
Wadensjö, Cecilia. 1993. “The double role of a dialogue interpreter.” Perspectives 1 (1): 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.1993.9961204.
Wenger-Trayner, Beverly & Etienne Wenger-Trayner. 2015. "Introduction to communities of practice. A brief overview of the concept and its uses." Wenger-Trayner. Global theorists and consultants (blog), Available from the authors. June 2015, https://wenger-trayner.com/introduction-to-communities-of-practice/.
Wolf, Michaela. 2016. Interpreting in Nazi concentration camps. New York: Bloomsbury.
World Bank. 2020. Poverty & Equity Brief (Middle East and North Africa): West Bank and Gaza, April 2020. Washington, DC: World Bank Group, https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_PSE.pdf.
Yin, Robert K. 2009. Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Zahavi, Dan. 2019. Phenomenology. The basics. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315441603.
Descàrregues
Publicades
Com citar
-
Resum247
-
PDF 93
Número
Secció
Llicència
Les autores i autors atorguen a la revista el dret de primera publicació amb el treball protegit amb una llicència Reconeixement-SenseObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional que permet a terceres parts copiar i redistribuir l’obra en qualsevol mitjà i format per a qualsevol finalitat, fins i tot comercial, sempre que no es transforme el material, i assegurant que se n'acredita l’autoria i la publicació inicial en aquesta revista.
Les autores i els autors conserven els drets d’autoria, se’ls permet publicar el seu treball en línia i se’ls encoratja a fer-ho (per exemple, en repositoris institucionals o al seu lloc web) una vegada publicat, ja que pot donar lloc a intercanvis productius (vegeu The Effect of Open Access). S'aconsella adoptar una perspectiva de gènere en la difusió dels treballs.
Articles similars
Llengua
Informació
Paraules clau
Trameteu un article
