Changement climatique au Chili: tendances climatiques et perceptions des agriculteurs
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.7203/eutopias.0.18356Mots-clés :
Chili, Changement climatique (CC), Les perceptions de l’agriculteur, L’oscillation australe d’El Niño, Adaptation au changement climatique
Résumé
Ce document suggère la nécessité d’utiliser des méthodes de recherche qualitatives et quantitatives pour impliquer les parties prenantes à tous les niveaux afin d’améliorer le cadre de la politique d’adaptation du Chili. Les tendances climatiques historiques montrent des changements alarmants, à la fois dans les régimes de précipitations et de température. Dans la majeure partie du centre du Chili, les précipitations annuelles ont diminué de plus de 1 mm par m2 et par an depuis le 20ème siècle. De plus, tout au long du 20e et de la première partie du 21e siècle, les températures moyennes minimale et maximale ont généralement augmenté, mais dans certains cas elles ont diminué. Les groupes socioéconomiques, tels que les agriculteurs, sont fortement exposés aux phénomènes météorologiques extrêmes et sont dans tous les cas conscients des changements climatiques. En outre, les agriculteurs constituent une source fiable d’informations météorologiques passées / présentes, tout en étant indispensables à la compréhension d’autres problèmes liés à la vie socioéconomique et à l’environnement. Néanmoins, au lieu d’être pris en compte dans le processus de prise de décision, ils sont souvent laissés à l’écart. Enfin, cet article analyse de manière approfondie les tendances climatiques dans les régions du centre du Chili, de Coquimbo et de Maule, de la façon dont les groupes dépendant du climat le perçoivent et si le gouvernement ne dispose pas, au contraire, d’outils suffisants pour s’adapter.
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