Paratexts as gatekeepers in online global jihadist translation – The narrative of a blog-based Arabic translation of Dabiq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7203/Just.2.24872Palabras clave:
Traducción yihadista, paratexto, enmarcamiento, portería, teoría narrativa, ISIS
Resumen
La traducción ha desempeñado un papel fundamental en la difusión de la propaganda yihadista global en Internet, desde la declaración de la yihad global a finales de la década de 1990 hasta su reciente manifestación en 2014 con la aparición del llamado Estado Islámico en Irak y Siria (ISIS). Este artículo sostiene que los marcos paratextuales desempeñan un papel significativo en la mediación de los mensajes con carga ideológica de los yihadistas globales para diversas comunidades y cuando los contextos cambian. El artículo investiga la función de control de los paratextos en una traducción al árabe en un blog de la revista en lengua inglesa del ISIS Dabiq (AZIZ8178 2016a). Desde el marco teórico de la narratividad (Somers & Gibson 1993; Bruner 1991; Baker 2006a), se examinan las traducciones publicadas en un blog, AZIZ8178, para explorar las intervenciones paratextuales que enmarcan las narrativas traducidas. Los resultados señalan una selección deliberada de artículos para su traducción que se ajusta a las circunstancias cambiantes a las que se enfrenta ISIS sobre el terreno. Además, se demuestra que la versión árabe de Dabiq de AZIZ8178 construye una narrativa centrada en la identidad, que hace hincapié en los conflictos internos y las divisiones dentro de las comunidades árabes contemporáneas. Se postula que los paratextos de AZIZ8178 acercan las doctrinas radicales de ISIS al tejido sociopolítico de destino, incitando potencialmente al fanatismo entre el público arabófono al que van dirigidos. La visibilidad y autonomía del traductor se hacen evidentes en los elementos paratextuales de firmas y notas a pie de página, que ponen de manifiesto su postura yihadista.
Descargas
Citas
Al-Azhar Observatory for Combating Extremism. n.d. azhar.eg. https://www.azhar.eg/observer-en/.
Armborst, Andreas. 2009. “A profile of religious fundamentalism and terrorist activism.” Defence Against Terrorism Review 2 (1): 51–71.
Arosoaie, Aida. 2015. “Doctrinal differences between ISIS and Al Qaeda: An account of ideologues.” Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses 7 (7): 31–37.
Baker, Mona. 2006a. Translation and conflict. London: Routledge.
Baker, Mona. 2006b. “Translation and activism: Emerging patterns of narrative community.” The Massachusetts Review 47 (3): 462–484.
Baker, Mona. 2007. “Reframing conflict in translation.” Social Semiotics 17 (2): 151–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330701311454.
Baker, Mona. 2010. “Narratives of terrorism and security: ‘accurate’ translations, suspicious frames.” Critical Studies on Terrorism 3 (3): 347–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2010.521639.
Baker, Mona. 2013. “Translation as an alternative space for political action.” Social Movement Studies 12 (1): 23–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2012.685624.
Baker, Mona. 2014. “Translation as re-narration.” In Translation: A multidisciplinary approach, edited by Julianne House, 158–177. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137025487_9.
Batchelor, Kathryn. 2018. Translation and paratexts. London: Routledge. https:// doi.org/10.4324/9781351110112.
Bazzi, Samia. 2019. “The non-translation strategy in translating ISIS radical discourse.” Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict 7 (2): 133–155. https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00022.baz.
Boéri, Julie. 2009. “Babels, the social forum and the conference interpreting community: Overlapping and competing narratives on activism and interpreting in the era of globalisation.” Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Manchester.
Brachman, Jarret M. 2009. Global jihadism: Theory and practice. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203895054.
Bruner, Jerome. 1991. “The narrative construction of reality.” Critical Inquiry 18 (1): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1086/448619.
Bunker, Robert J. & Pamela Ligouri Bunnker. 2018. Radical Islamist English- language online magazines: Research Guide, Strategic Insights and Policy Response. United Stated Army War College Press. https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/934.
Bunt, Gary R. 2003. Islam in the digital age: E-jihad, online fatwas and cyber Islamic environments. London: Pluto Press.
Colombo, Silvia. 2016. “Book Review: Regional insecurity after the Arab uprisings. Narratives of security and threat.” Mediterranean Politics 21 (3): 469–471. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2016.1189480 .
Chulov, Martin. 2019. “The rise and fall of the ISIS ‘Caliphate’.” The Guardian. 24 March 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/23/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-isis-caliphate.
Clarion Project. n.d. “Islamic State Magazine — Dabiq.” Retrieved in October 2017. https://clarionproject.org/docs/isis-isil-islamic-state-magazine-Issue-1- the-return-of-khilafah.pdf.
Colas, Brandon. 2017. “What does Dabiq do? ISIS hermeneutics and organizational fractures within Dabiq magazine.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism40 (3): 173–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2016.1184062.
Colas, Brandon. 2019. “Understanding the idea: Dynamic equivalence and the accurate translation of jihadist concepts.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 42 (9): 779–797. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2018.1425109.
Counter Extremism Project. n.d. “Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.” Retrieved in September 2019. https://www.counterextremism.com/extremists/abu-bakr-al-baghdadi.
Dar Al-Ifta, Al-Missriyyah. n.d. “A comprehensive study on the content of Dabiq magazine. An analytical review to QSIS’s media apparatus and means of confronting it.” Retrieved in May 2019. https://www.dar-alifta.org/en/article/details/618/a-comprehensive-study-on-the-content-of-dabiqmagazine-an-analytical-review.
Droogan, Julian & Shane Peattie. 2017. “Mapping the thematic landscape of Daqib magazine.” Australian Journal of International Affairs 71 (6): 591–620. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2017.1303443.
El-Araby, Mohammed. 2016. Dirasat: Terror propaganda: Da’ish’s media and operating strategies. Riyadh: King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies.
Elliott, Scott S. 2012. “Translation and narrative: Transfiguring Jesus.” In Ideology, culture, and translation, edited by Scott S. Elliott & Roland Boer, 39–48. Houston: Society of Biblical Literature. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt32c05p.7.
Fraihat, Ibrahim & Taha Yaseen. 2020. “Evolving trends in the post-Arab spring era: Implications for peace and stability in the MENA region.”Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 15(3): 331–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316620934365.
Gatt, Kurstin. 2020. Decoding DA’ISH: An analysis of poetic exemplars and discursive strategies of domination in the jihadist milieu. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag. https://doi.org/10.29091/9783954905614.
Gemeah, Ibrahim M. 2016. “Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State: A comparative study of the jihadi narratives.” Unpublished MA dissertation, University of Washington.
Genette, Gérard. 1997. Paratexts: Thresholds of interpretation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511549373.
Global Terrorism Database (GTD). 2022. https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/. Last updated in May 2022.
Harding, Sue-Ann. 2012. “‘How do I apply narrative theory?’ Socio-narrative theory in translation studies.” Target 24(2): 286–309. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.24.2.04har.
Harding, Sue-Ann. 2013. “Narratives and contextual frames.” In Handbook of Translation Studies. Volume 4, edited by Yves Gambier & Luc van Doorslaer, 105–110. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/hts.4.nar1.
Haršányová, Radoslava & Marek Hrušovský. 2017. “Current trends in jihadist on-line magazines.” 22 January 2017. Bratislava: Center for European and North Atlantic Affairs (CENAA). http://pssihub.savanahosting.cz/publications/264.
Hermans, Theo, Sue-Ann Harding & Julie Boéri. 2022. “A conversation about narrative and translation.” Cultus 15: 16–39.
Hijjo, Nael F. M. & Surinderpal Kaur. 2017. “The paratextual analysis of English translations of Arabic media narratives on Daesh.” 3l-Language Linguistics Literature. The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies 23 (3): 21-36. https://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2017-2303-02.
Ingram, Haroro J. 2018. “Islamic State’s English-language magazines, 2014-2017: Trends & implications for CT-CVE strategic communications.” 12 March 2018. ICCT Research Paper. The Hague: International Centre for Counter-Terrorism. https://www.icct.nl/publication/islamic-states-english-languagemagazines-2014-2017-trends-implications-ct-cve.
International Crisis Group. 2005. Middle East/North Africa Report (37): Understanding Islamism. 2 March 2005. https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/understanding-islamism.
Jacoby, Tim. 2019. “Islam and the Islamic State’s magazine, Dabiq.” Politics and Religion 12 (1) 32–54. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755048318000561.
Knapp, Michael G. 2013. “The concept and practice of jihad in Islam.” Parameters: U.S. Army War College 33 (1): 82–94. https://doi.org/10.55540/0031-1723.2132.
Lia, Brynjar. 2007. “Jihadi web media production: Characteristics, trends, and future implications.” Presented at “Check the Web” Conference on “Monitoring, Research and Analysis of Jihadist Activities on the Internet – Ways to deal with the issue” in Berlin on 26 and 27 February 2007, 1–14.
Lieberman, Ariet Victoria. 2017. “Terrorism, the internet, and propaganda: A deadly combination.” Journal of National Security Law and Policy 9 (1): 95–124.
Masi, Alessandria. 2015. “ISIS propaganda magazine Dabiq for sale on Amazon, gets taken down” International Business Times. 10 June 2015. https://www. ibtimes.com/isis-propaganda-magazinedabiq-sale-amazon-gets-taken-down-1961036.
Monier, Elizabeth, ed. 2015. Regional insecurity after the Arab uprisings: Narratives of security and threat. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137503978.
Peters, Rudolph. 2016. Jihad: A history in documents. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers.
Rubin, Barry & Judith Colp Rubin. 2008. Chronologies of modern terrorism. London: M.E. Sharpe.
Sadler, Neil. 2018. “Narrative and interpretation on Twitter: Reading tweets by telling stories.” New Media & Society 20(9): 3266–3282. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817745018.
Site Intelligence Group. 2011. “Media Groups.” Retrieved in January 2018. https:// ent.siteintelgroup.com/mediagroups.html.
Somers, Margaret R. & Gloria D. Gibson. 1993. “Reclaiming the epistemological other: Narrative and the social constitution of identity.” CSST Working Papers. Lansing: The University of Michigan.
Toguslu, Erkan. 2019. “Caliphate, hijrah and martyrdom as performative narrative in ISIS. Dabiq magazine.” Politics, Religion & Ideology 20 (1): 94–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2018.1554480.
Torres, Manuel R., Javier Jordán & Nicola Horsburgh. 2006. “Analysis and evolution of the global jihadist movement propaganda.” Terrorism and Political Violence 18: 399–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546550600751990.
United Nations. 2016. “Report of the Secretary-General on the threat posed by ISIL (Da’esh) to international peace and security and the range of United Nations efforts in support of Member States in countering the threat.” Security Council. New York: United Nations. http://undocs.org/s/2016/92.
Wignell, Peter, Sabine Tan, Kay L. O’Halloran & Rebecca Lange. 2017. “A mixed methods empirical examination of changes in emphasis and style in the extremist magazines Dabiq and Rumiyah.” Perspectives on Terrorism 11 (2): 2–20.
Wright, Robin. 2016. The jihadi threat ISIS, al-Qaeda, and beyond. Washington: US Institute of Peace and Wilson Center. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/ publication/the-jihadi-threat-isis-al-qaeda-and-beyond.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
-
Resumen1071
-
PDF 196
Número
Sección
Licencia
Las autoras y autores conceden a la revista el derecho de primera publicación con el trabajo protegido con una licencia Atribución/Reconocimiento-SinDerivados 4.0 Internacional que permite a terceras partes copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio y formato para cualquier finalidad, incluso comercial, siempre que no se transforme el material, y asegurando que se acredite su autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.
Las autoras y los autores conservan los derechos de autoría, se les permite publicar su trabajo en línea y se les anima a hacerlo (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su sitio web) una vez publicado, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos (véase The Effect of Open Access). Se aconseja adoptar una perspectiva de género en la difusión de los trabajos.
Artículos similares
Idioma
Información
Palabras clave
Enviar un artículo
