Language learning among higher education students: an analysis on motivation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7203/realia.32.27546Keywords:
motivation, survey, language learning, second language, university educationAbstract
Intrinsic motivation in language learning is ideal to attain successful foreign language learning according to experts (Del Castillo, 2010; Gilakjani et al.,2010). In order to measure its impact at university level, this paper shows the results of a quantitative study conducted at KU Leuven during the academic year 2021-2022 on motivation in foreign language learning. A total of 479 students participated in a survey designed for this purpose. The methodology was based on a multivariate analysis using the statistical package SPSS v. 25. The research findings show that university students have essentially instrumental motivation for learning foreign languages (FL), which implies that their desire to acquire a second language (L2) is limited to practical purposes. On the other hand, the study has identified a representative segment of students, referred to as “incidental students”, who are characterised by not having any clear motivation (neither instrumental nor integrative) for FL. The results lead to recommendations for curricular adaptation to enhance intrinsic motivation in foreign language teaching and learning at university level.
Downloads
References
Adachi, R. (2015). Motivation and communicative attitudes among Japanese EFL pupils.Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 5(1), 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v5i1.824
Bañuelos-Márquez, A. M. (1990). Motivación Escolar: una propuesta didáctica. Perfiles Educativos(49-50), 56–63. Retrieved from https://www.iisue.unam.mx/perfiles/ descargas/pdf/1990-49-50-56-63
Boo, Z., Dörnyei, Z., & Ryan, S. (2015). L2 motivation research 2005-2014: Understanding a publication surge and a changing landscape. System, 55, 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2015.10.006
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of Capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education ( (pp. 241–258). Westport, CT: Greenwood.
Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching. London: Addison Wesley Longman.
Busse, V., & Walter, C. (2013). Foreign Language Learning Motivation in Higher Education: A Longitudinal Study of Motivational Changes and Their Causes. The Modern Language Journal, 97 (2), 435–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2013.12004.x
Buyse, K., Barrientos-Báez, A., & Sánchez-Verdejo, F. J. (2019). Comunicación Interna en el área turística: el caso del Departamento de Lingüística Aplicada en la Universidad de Leuven (Bélgica). In V. Rodríguez-Breijo et al. (Eds.), Las nuevas narrativas en el entorno social (pp. 593–604). La Laguna (España): Sociedad Latina de Comunicación Social. https://doi.org/10.4185/CAC159
Chávez-Zambano, M., Saltos-Vivas, M. A., & Saltos-Dueñas, C. M. (2017). La importancia del aprendizaje y conocimiento del idioma inglés en la enseñanza superior. Dominio de las Ciencias, 3(3), 759–771. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/6234740.pdf
Cotterall, S. (1999). Key variables in language learning: what do learners believe about them? System, 27 (4), 493–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(99)00047-0
Del-Castillo, Y. E. (2010). La motivación en el estudiante no universitario en el aprendizaje de inglés. META 2021. Congreso Iberoamericano de Educación. Retrieved from https:// www.adeepra.org.ar/congresos/Congreso%20IBEROAMERICANO/ACCESO/R0862
_DelCastillo.pdf
de Sousa, L., Costa, P. D. M. D., Flisi, S., & Calvo, E. S. (2015). JRC Science and Policy Report: Languages and Employability. https://dx.doi.org/10.2788/504155
Dolnicar, S. (2002). A review of data-driven market segmentation in tourism. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 12(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v12n01_01
Dörnyei, Z. (1998). Motivation in second and foreign language learning. Language Teaching, 31(3), 117–135. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026144480001315X
Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The Psychology of the Language Learner Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410613349
Dörnyei, Z., Macintyre, P. D., & Henry, A. (Eds.). (2014). Motivational Dynamics in Language Learning. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781783092574
Dörnyei, Z., Muir, C., & Ibrahim, Z. (2014). Directed motivational currents: energising language learning by creating intense motivational pathways. In D. Lasagabaster, A. Doiz, & J. M. Sierra (Eds.), Morivation and Foreign Language Learning. From theory to practice (pp. 9–29). USA: John Benjamins Publishing Co.
Dörnyei, Z., & Taguchi, T. (2009). Questionnaires in Second Language Research Construction, Administration, and Processing. New York (USA): Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/ 9780203864739
EC. (2009). Anticiper les compétences requises et adapter l’offre de compétences aux besoins du marché du travail. Office des publications de l’Union Européenne. Retrieved from https://op.europa.eu/fr/publication-detail/-/publication/85bf8351-e29b-4551-b938
-a666d6862b34/language-fr
EU. (2018). Council Recommendation of 22 May 2018 on key competences for lifelong learning (Text with EEA relevance) (2018/C 189/01). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/ legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32018H0604(01)
Fielden-Burns, L. V., & Rico-Garcia, M. (2017). Comparative Language Learning Beliefs: Why Aptitude Matters. Studies in Linguistics and Literature, 1(2), 129–141. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.22158/sll.v1n2p129
Finn, M., Elliott-White, M., & Walton, M. (2000). Tourism and leisure research methods: data collection, analysis and interpretation. New York (USA): Pearson Education.
Franco, C. (2006). La relación lengua-cultura en el aprendizaje de ELE por parte de los italianófonos. In C. de-la Hoz (Ed.), La competencia pragmátic y la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera. Actas del XVI Congreso Internacional de ASELE (pp. 279–288). Retrieved from https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/2154265.pdf
Gal, S. (2012). Sociolinguistic Regimes and the Management of ”Diversity”. In A. Duchêne & M. Heller (Eds.), Language in Late Capitalism (pp. 22–42). New York: Routledge. Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, W. E. (1972). Attitudes and Motivation in Second-Language Learning. Newbury House Publisher.
Gilakjani, A. P., Leong, L. M., & Sabouri, N. B. (2012). A Study on the Role of Motivation in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching. I.J. Modern Education and Computer Science,7 , 9–16. Retrieved from https://www.mecs-press.org/ijmecs/ijmecs-v4-n7/IJMECS-V4
-N7-2.pdf
Gonzalez, R. D. (2010). Motivational Orientation in Foreign Language Learning: The Case of Filipino Foreign Language Learners. SSRN Electronic Journal, 3(1), 3–28.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, H. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (and others, Ed.). Prentice Hall.
Harmer, J. (2007). The practice of English language teaching. Pearson Education.
Heider, E. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/10628-000
Huguet, A., & Janés, J. (2008). Mother Tongue as a Determining Variable in Language Attitudes. The Case of Immigrant Latin American Students in Spain. Language and Intercultural Communication, 8(4), 246–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/14708470802303082
Hussain, Z., & Masum, J. (2016). Motivation of Bangladeshi Higher Secondary Students in Learning English Language. Language in India, 16(2), 177–189.
Kaneko, E., & Kawaguchi, T. (2010). Report on an Initial Study of Motivation for Learning English: A Case Study of Future Information and Communication Technology Professionals. IEEE International Professional Comunication Conference (pp. 315–320). Netherlands: Enschede. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.2010.5530029
Kikuchi, K., & Sakai, H. (2009). Japanese Learners’ Demotivation to Study English: A Survey Study. JALT Journal, 31(2), 183–204. Retrieved from https://jalt-publications.org/ recentpdf/jj/2009b/art3.pdf
Kouritzin, S. G., Piquemal, N., & Renaud, R. D. (2009). An International Comparison of Socially Constructed Language Learning Motivation and Beliefs. Foreign Language Annals, 42(2), 287–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2009.01022.x
Kruglanski, A. W. (1975). The endogenous-exogenous partition in attribution theory.Psychological Review, 82(6), 387–406. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-295X.82.6.387
Kubota, R. (2020). Toward a Performative Commitment to Heterogeneity. In T. J. Silva & Z. Wang (Eds.), Reconciling Translingualism and Second Language Writing (pp. 163– 171). New York (USA): Routledge.
Masgoret, A. M., & Gardner, R. C. (2003). Attitudes, Motivation, and Second Language Learning: A Meta-Analysis of Studies Conducted by Gardner and Associates. Language Learning. A Journal in Research of Language Studies, 53(1), 167–210.
Matsuzaki-Carreira, J. (2005). New Framework of Intrinsic/Extrinsic and Integrative/Instrumental Motivation in Second Language Acquisition. The Keiai Journal of International Studies(16), 39–64. Retrieved from https://www.u-keiai.ac.jp/issn/ menu/ronbun/no16/039.pdf
McEown, M. S., Sawaki, Y., & Harada, T. (2017). Foreign Language Learning Motivation in the Japanese Context: Social and Political Influences on Self. Self. Modern Language Journal, 101(3), 533–547. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12411
Merlin, R. (2003). Students’ Motivation to Learn: Considerations for Elementary Teachers (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). College of William & Mary.
Moore, R. (2011). Standardisation, diversity and enlightenment in the contemporary crisis of EU language policy. Retrieved from https://wpull.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ WP74_Moore_2011_Standardisation_diversit.pdf
Moore, R. (2015). From Revolutionary Monolingualism to Reactionary Multilingualism: Top-Down Discourses of Linguistic Diversity in Europe, 1794-present. Language and Communication, 44, 19–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2014.10.014
Morales-Vallejo, P., Urosa-Sanz, B., & Blanco-Blanco, A. (2003). Construcción de escalas de actitudes tipo Likert: una guía práctica. Madrid (España): La Muralla.
Muir, C. (2020). Directed Motivational Currents and Language Education: Exploring Implications for Pedagogy. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Nowicka, M. (2009). Making sense of cosmopolitism. In M. Rovisco & M. Nowicka (Eds.), Cosmopolitanism in Practice (pp. 1–16). London: Routledge.
Osgood, C., Suci, G., & Tannenbaum, P. (1957). The Measurement of Meaning. University of Illinois Press.
Öztürk, G., & Gurbuz, N. (2013). Motivational Orientations of Turkish EFL Students: The Case at a State University. Journal of Language and Literature Education, 8, 62–77. Retrieved from https://oaji.net/articles/2014/1069-1406114310.pdf
Pourfeiz, J. (2016). A Cross-sectional Study of Relationship between Attitudes toward Foreign Language Learning and Academic Motivation. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 232, 668–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.091
Randstad. (2017). El conocimiento de idiomas aumenta un 37% las posibilidades de encontrar empleo. Retrieved from https://www.randstad.es/nosotros/sala-prensa/el-conocimiento-de-idiomas-aumenta-un-37-las-posibilidades-de-encontrar-empleo
Rietveld, T., & Van Hout, R. (1993). Statistical Techniques for the Study of Language and Language Behaviour. Berlin (Germany): Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/ 9783110871609
Ruesch, A., Bown, J., & Dewey, D. P. (2012). Student and teacher perceptions of motivational strategies in the foreign language classroom. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2011.562510
Ryan, R., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Ryan, R. M., & Powelson, C. L. (1991). Autonomy and Relatedness as Fundamental to Motivation and Education. Journal of Experimental Education, 60(1), 49–66. https:// psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1080/00220973.1991.10806579
Saito, K., Dewaele, J. M., Abe, M., & In’nami, Y. (2018). Motivation, Emotion, Learning Experience and Second Language Comprehensibility Development in Classroom Settings: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study. Language Learning. A Journal of Research in Language Studies, 68(3), 709–743. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12297
Saito, K., Dewaele, J. M., & Hanzawa, K. (2017). A Longitudinal Investigation of the Relationship between Motivation and Late Second Language Speech Learning in Classroom Settings. Language and Speech, 60(4), 614–632. https://psycnet.apa.org/ doi/10.1177/0023830916687793
Santos, M. C. M. (2019). Estudios sobre la desmotivación del alumnado en el aprendizaje formal de lenguas extranjeras. Etudes romanes de Brno, 40(1), 99–122. https://doi.org/ 10.5817/ERB2019%E2%80%931-7
Santos, M. C. M. (2020). Aproximación a la amotivación y la desmotivación en el aprendizaje de contenidos a través del inglés como medio de instrucción (EMI) en la enseñanza superior en una universidad española. Hesperia: Anuario de filología hispánica, 23(1), 95–123. https://doi.org/10.35869/hafh.v23i0.2768
Santos-Ortega, A., & Muñoz-Rodríguez, D. (2015). Fuga de cerebros y biografías low cost: nueva etapa en la precarización de la juventud. RECERCA. Revista de pensament i anàlisi(16), 13–33. https://doi.org/10.6035/Recerca.2015.16.2
Shin, H., & Park, J. (2015). Researching language and neoliberalism. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 37 (5), 443–452. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2015.1071823
Stipek, D. J. (2002). Motivation to Learn: Integrating Theory and Practice. Allyn & Bacon. Sundqvist, P., & Sylvén, L. K. (2014). Language-related computer use: Focus on young L2 English learners in Sweden. ReCALL, 26(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0958344013000232
Taguchi, T., Magid, M., & Papi, M. (2009). The L2 motivational self system amongst Chinese, Japanese, and Iranian learners of English: A comparative study. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, Language Identity and the L2 Self (pp. 66–97). Briston (U.K.): Multilingual Matters. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847691293-005
Trinder, R. (2013). Business students’ beliefs about language learning in a university context. English for Specific Purposes, 32(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2012.06.003
Uribe, D., Gutierrez, J., & Madrid, D. (2008). Las actitudes del alumnado hacia el aprendizaje del inglés como idioma extranjero: estudio de una muestra en el sur de España. Porta Linguarum: revista internacional de didáctica de las lenguas extranjeras(10), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.30827/digibug.31782
Williams, M., & Burden, R. L. (1997). Psychology for language teachers. A Social Constructivist Approach. Cambridge (U.K.): Cambridge University Press.
Woolfolk, A. E. (2007). Educational Psychology. Pearson.
Published
How to Cite
-
Abstract813
-
PDF363
-
EPUB192
-
HTML385
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The Universitat de València is the editor of Research in Education and Learning Innovation Archives (REALIA) and retains the copyright of all that is published in the journal, while it allows and favours reuse under a copyleft license.
- The originals published in this journal are – unless otherwise specified – under a Creative Commons License: Attribution-NonComercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
Research in Education and Learning Innovation Archives (REALIA) encourages authors to disseminate and give visibility to their research published in this journal. For this, REALIA wishes to inform that:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication.
- The work is simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License: Attribution-NonComercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
- Self-archive: Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their website) to promote greater visibility and citation, with an acknowledgement of its first publication in this journal.